Outcome albumin serum level in cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Main Article Content
Keywords
Albumin, cardiac surgery, hypoalbuminemia
Abstract
Introduction: Numerous clinical settings have shown a correlation between preoperative hypoalbuminemia and unfavorable surgical results, suggesting that serum albumin content measured before surgery may be a valuable and accurate predictor of poor surgical outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of albumin serum levels in cardiac surgery.
Methods: This PRISMA-guided meta-analysis examined the impact of serum albumin levels on outcomes in cardiac surgery, including mortality, hospital stay, and intubation. A systematic review of studies from significant databases (final search: July 2024) utilized the GRADE system to assess evidence quality and I² to analyze heterogeneity. Hypoalbuminemia was linked to increased mortality and prolonged recovery, highlighting serum albumin as a critical biomarker in cardiac surgery care.
Results: The systematic review screened 1,403 publications, ultimately selecting 10 studies examining serum albumin levels and outcomes in cardiac surgery. Study designs included various cohorts, a cross-sectional study, and one randomized controlled trial, with sample sizes ranging from 203 to 842,672 participants and mean ages of 42 to 67 years. Meta-analysis showed hypoalbuminemia significantly increased risks of mortality (OR=7.21; 95%CI=2.08–25.02; I²=90%) and intubation (OR=2.78; 95%CI=1.76–4.38; I²=89%), with a less definitive link to more extended length of stays (OR=2.01; 95%CI: 0.70–5.76; I²=99%).
Conclusion: Low preoperative serum albumin predicts poorer cardiac surgery outcomes. Normalizing levels is recommended, but the roles of malnutrition and supplementation need further study.
References
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